ACL Reconstruction / Repair

ACL reconstruction surgery involves reconstructing the ligament at the center of the knee, known as the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL), which connects the shin bone (tibia) to the thigh bone (femur). A tear in this ligament can lead to instability in the knee, especially during lateral movements such as side-steps or crossovers.

Typically, patients undergo general anesthesia before surgery, ensuring they are unconscious and pain-free. Alternatively, regional anesthesia or a nerve block may be used.

The replacement tissue for the damaged ACL can either come from the patient’s own body (autograft) or from a donor (allograft). Autograft options include tissue from the knee cap tendon, quadriceps tendon, or hamstring tendon, which are commonly used. The hamstring muscles are located at the back of the knee.

Why the Procedure is Performed

Without ACL reconstruction, the knee may remain unstable, increasing the risk of a meniscus tear. Indications for ACL reconstruction include:

Instability or a feeling of the knee giving way during everyday activities
Knee pain
Inability to resume sports or other activities
Coexisting injuries to other ligaments
Meniscus tears

Before undergoing surgery, it’s essential to discuss with your healthcare provider the necessary time and commitment for recovery. A comprehensive rehabilitation program lasting 4 to 6 months will be required. The degree to which you adhere to this program will influence your ability to return to full activity.

After the Procedure

Following surgery, most individuals can be discharged on the same day. Depending on the type and extent of the surgery, wearing a knee brace and using crutches may be necessary for 1 to 6 weeks. Early mobility of the knee is typically encouraged to prevent stiffness, and pain medication may be prescribed as needed.

Physical therapy is vital for restoring knee motion and strength and may span over 4 to 6 months. Return to work timelines vary based on the nature of one’s job, ranging from a few days to several months. Full resumption of activities and sports usually takes 4 to 6 months, although sports involving rapid changes in direction like soccer, basketball, and football may require up to 9 to 12 months of rehabilitation.